In the 1st century AD, on the site of today's Kyustendil, the "spring town" was founded — Ulpia Pautalia. On 3000 square meters – an enormous area for the time — the Romans built an asclepieion (medical centre). The remains of it — thermae, balneological equipment and other premises — now fall within the Pautalia – Velbazhd Architectural and Archaeological Reserve. The reserve also includes dozens of other antiquities from later eras — parts of the fortress wall of the medieval Bulgarian town of Velbazhd, examples of Ottoman architecture and monuments of the Bulgarian Revival.
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